Optics and photonics is the study of the fundamental properties of light and harnessing them in practical applications. Optics and photonics covers the entire electromagnetic spectrum from high-energy ...

Optical physics is the study of the fundamental properties of light and its interaction with matter. This includes classical optical phenomena such as reflection, refraction, diffraction and ...

Can you chip in? This year we’ve reached an extraordinary milestone: 1 trillion web pages preserved on the Wayback Machine. This makes us the largest public repository of internet history ever ...

Can you chip in? This year we’ve reached an extraordinary milestone: 1 trillion web pages preserved on the Wayback Machine. This makes us the largest public repository of internet history ever ...

Makkah, October 3, 2025, SPA -- The Makkah-based Holy Qur'an Museum houses rare Qur'an copies that recount the story of Allah's preservation of His Book and the nation's care for it throughout the ...