The Foundation of Mountain Building Mountain building, also known as orogenesis, is a geological process that involves the ...

For the last decade, metamorphic geologist Tim Johnson at Curtin University in Australia has pondered the first billion years of Earth’s roughly 4.5 billion-year existence. His work takes him to the ...

Their iron-rich magma might hold some of the 17 elements needed to make smartphones, wind turbines, and more. By Laura Baisas Published Sep 24, 2024 10:00 AM EDT Deposit Photos Get the Popular Science ...

Elizabeth Cottrell collects rocks and analyzes samples in the lab to help reveal what makes Earth so unique Jack Tamisiea Smithsonian research geologist Elizabeth Cottrell collects rock samples from ...

Submarine volcanoes, volcanic structures hidden beneath the ocean surface, play a vital role in shaping Earth’s geology and marine ecosystems. Formed through tectonic plate movements, rising magma, ...

Along 1,100 kilometers, from Mexico to Costa Rica, lies the Central American volcanic arc, where the variety of magma types make for a geological paradise. By Pablo Fonseca Q. / Knowable Magazine ...

(CN) — Martian meteorites not only enhances our understanding of Mars but also offer valuable comparisons to Earth’s geological history, aiding future exploration and research on both planets, ...

Nobody knows how life got started here, but we're one step closer to learning how its vital components formed. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s ...

A new study of sapphires found in volcanic fields in Germany reveals that these beautiful blue stones form where magma and rocks from Earth's crust mix. When you purchase through links on our site, we ...

PACIFIC CITY, Ore. — Scott Burns, professor emeritus in geology at Portland State University, thought he had seen it all — until he saw a couple of photos of an extremely rare sand formation on the ...

Over millions of years, the Earth’s upper layers have performed a dance that has created mountains, volcanoes, continents, ridges and ocean trenches. Tectonic plates play a key role in this process.