ABSTRACT We propose a model of in-cylinder air mass and residual gas fraction of a turbocharged SI engine with Variable Valve Timing (VVT) actuators. VVT devices are used to produce internal exhaust ...

Senthil Krishnan Mahendar, Varun Venkataraman, Anders Christiansen Erlandsson, The Impact of Miller Valve Timing on Combustion and Charging Performance of an Ethanol- and Methanol-Fueled Heavy-Duty ...

The intake valves were increased to 33mm, a then unheard-of size for such a small engine. The VTEC valve timing and lift specs were similar to race-only engines of that period.