Whether it’s wired or wireless, most data communications today happens by way of packets of information travelling over one or more networks. But before these networks can work together, though, they ...

A reference model is a virtual model which defines how communication should take place. It logically divides the processes which are required for the communication into layers. This concept is known ...

The TCP/IP model is simpler than the traditional OSI model but still retains the fundamental networking concepts necessary for communication. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Ensuring Reliable ...

A tutorial on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking reference model plus tips on how to memorize the seven layers.