Physicists have known for decades that the process of observing and measuring phenomena changes those very phenomena—the so-called “observer effect." It does not even matter whether the “observer” is ...

The study of reflexivity in late modernity examines the dynamic interplay between individual consciousness and broader societal structures. This field investigates how self-conscious individuals ...

The paper makes a connection between transmission modes and constructivism in sociology and education, respectively. There are parallels between Archer's criticism of upward and downward conflation in ...