The study of graph colouring has long been a central topic in discrete mathematics, with a prominent focus on optimising the assignment of labels or colours to vertices such that adjacent vertices are ...

Graph colouring remains a central topic in graph theory, providing the mathematical framework for assigning colours to the elements of a graph under specific constraints. In particular, the ...

Graph coloring has been employed since the 1980s to efficiently compute sparse Jacobian and Hessian matrices using either finite differences or automatic differentiation. Several coloring problems ...