X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is based on the same principle as all photoelectron spectroscopy methods. If a molecule or material is irradiated with light of a known energy above the ionization ...

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 307, No. 1488 (Oct. 15, 1968), pp. 15-26 (12 pages) The processes which set fundamental limits to the ...