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Suggested Citation: "3 Symmetries, Forces, and Particles." National Research Council. 1998. Elementary-Particle Physics: Revealing the Secrets of Energy and Matter. Washington, DC: The National ...

In particle physics, data long outlives the detectors that generate it. A decade ago the 4,100-metric-ton Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) reached the end of its life and was shut down, stripped of ...

There’s something amiss with a mass. A new measurement of the mass of an elementary particle, the W boson, has defied expectations. The result hints at a possible flaw in physicists’ otherwise ...

THE STANDARD MODEL of particle physics—completed in 1973—is the jewel in the crown of modern physics. It predicts the properties of elementary particles and forces with mind-boggling accuracy. Take ...

For more than half a century, particle physicists have theorized the existence of a “glueball,” a particle made entirely of gluons. While the past few decades have produced some compelling candidates, ...

Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics (MPQ), Garching, in collaboration with Prof. Dr. Randolf Pohl from the Institute for Physics at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), ...

Physicists have found that an elementary particle called the W boson appears to be 0.1% too heavy — a tiny discrepancy that could foreshadow a huge shift in fundamental physics. The measurement, ...

Ten years ago, scientists announced the discovery of the Higgs boson, which helps explain why elementary particles (the smallest building blocks of nature) have mass. For particle physicists, this was ...

The established theory of particle physics is called the standard model, and has passed a vast number of experimental tests with flying colours. But one such test — the determination of the magnetic ...

Previous chapters have shown that the great successes of the past quarter of a century in elementary-particle physics are embodied in the Standard Model, which contains both the electroweak ...